When Mirror-Image Suits Filed in 7th Circuit, There Is No Presumption in Favor of First-Filed Forum

November 23, 2010

Frequently in federal district courts two parties will file identical lawsuits, each a mirror-image of the other, in different federal districts. In Research Automation, Inc. v. Schrader-Bridgeport Intern’l, Inc., 626 F.3d 973 (7th Cir. 2010), Case No. 09-2232, the 7th Circuit held that there is no presumption in favor of the court in which the first case was filed when a court is deciding whether to transfer a case.

In this case, the parties filed mirror-image lawsuits in Illinois and Virginia. Each case was removed to federal court and each defendant moved to transfer the competing lawsuit to its preferred venue. Research Automation sought for the action to be transferred to Illinois, because that case was filed first. The trial court denied that request and transferred the case to Virginia. Research Automation appealed.

On appeal, the Court addressed Research Automation’s argument that there was a presumption in favor of the forum where the first action was filed. The Court disagreed, finding that a trial court should use the analysis applicable to other transfers in this situation.

In this case, the district court followed our consistent practice of evaluating the order of filing as part of the section 1404(a) transfer analysis. At oral argument, Research Automation seemed to agree with this approach, acknowledging that the section 1404(a) factors “clearly” apply to a determination of whether the first-filed case should proceed. Research Automation maintains, however, that none of the factors is sufficient on these facts to overcome a preference for the forum where the first case was filed. We disagree and hold that there is no such preference. Where a case is filed first should weigh no more heavily in the district court’s analysis than the plaintiff’s choice of forum in a section 1404(a) calculation. We apply the same standard to a section 1404(a) motion regardless of whether there is a second-filed case. The statutory language provides the ultimate touchstone, while the considerations gleaned from judicial glosses will also be applicable to many cases of this type in the sound discretion of the district judge.

The lesson from this case? What forum a federal lawsuit is first filed in will have little effect on where it is ultimately litigated, in cases involving mirror-image lawsuits in different jurisdictions.

Lessons:

  1. In situations involving mirror-image lawsuits in federal court, there is no presumption in favor of the jurisdiction in which the first case was filed.
Brad A. Catlin
Price Waicukauski & Riley, LLC
Learn more about Brad and contact us
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