You Have No Right to Reasonably Resist Unlawful Entry by Police Officers into Your Home

We don’t normally step into issues of criminal procedure or substantive law, but a decision from the Indiana Supreme Court today is worth noting. In Barnes v. State of Indiana, ___ N.E.2d ___ (Ind. 2011), Cause No. 82S05-1007-CR-343, the Court held that there is no right to reasonably resist unlawful entry by police officers.

In this case, a couple was arguing and the wife called 911. She reported that he was throwing things, but had not struck her. The 911 dispatch went out as a “domestic violence in progress.” Police arrived on the scene and observed that he husband was agitated and yelling. However, no one invited the officers into the couple’s apartment. An officer attempted to enter the apartment, and the husband shoved him against the wall. A struggle ensued, the husband was tasered, arrested, and charged with battery on a police officer, resisting law enforcement, and other charges.

At trial, the husband asked for an instruction on the right of a citizen to reasonably resist unlawful entry into the citizen’s home. The trial court refused to give the instruction and the husband was convicted. The Court of Appeals found that the trial court’s refusal to give the instruction was error.

On transfer, the Indiana Supreme Court held that there is no right to resist a police officer’s unlawful entry into your home. While recognizing that there was an English common-law right to resist, that right existed no longer.

We believe, however, that a right to resist an unlawful police entry into a home is against public policy and is incompatible with modern Fourth Amendment jurisprudence. Nowadays, an aggrieved arrestee has means unavailable at common law for redress against unlawful police action. We also find that allowing resistance unnecessarily escalates the level of violence and therefore the risk of injuries to all parties involved without preventing the arrest — as evident by the facts of this instant case. Further, we note that a warrant is not necessary for every entry into a home. For example, officers may enter the home if they are in “hot pursuit” of the arrestee or if exigent circumstances justified the entry. Even with a warrant, officers may have acted in good faith in entering a home, only to find later that their entry was in error. In these situations, we find it unwise to allow a homeowner to adjudge the legality of police conduct in the heat of the moment.

I do not have sufficient experience in this area of law to offer any opinion on the correctness of the Court’s decision. However, I can say that I am surprised.

Lesson:

  1. Indiana does not recognize the right to reasonably resist an unlawful police entry into a home.
Brad A. Catlin
Price Waicukauski & Riley, LLC
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