Indiana Law Update Blog - Price Waicukauski & Riley Legal Blog

In Indiana, an Expert's Scientific Evidence Does Not Need to Meet Daubert Standard

January 25, 2011

Today, the Indiana Court of Appeals held that scientific testimony does not need to meet the standard described in Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharm., Inc., 509 U.S. 579 (1993), to be admissible under Evid. R. 702(b) in Akey v. Parkview Hospital, Inc., 941 N.E.2d 540 (Ind. Ct. App. 2011), Case No. 02A04-1007-CT-44. Thus, a doctor could provide his expert testimony on causation because he described his reasoning and methodologies and that the evidence provided a reasonable amount of confidence that the principles upon which his opinion was based was reliable.

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Akey is a medical malpractice case arising out of an error in the administration of medicine to an elderly patient in the hospital, shortly after which the patient died. The defendants moved for summary judgment and argued that the plaintiff's expert's (Mirro) opinion was inadmissible. The trial court agreed that the expert's opinion was inadmissible and granted the motion for summary judgment.

On appeal, the plaintiff argued that the trial court erred in excluding its expert's opinion. The defendants argued that the expert's opinion on causation was not based on reliable scientific principles pursuant to Rule 702(b). The Court noted the Daubert standards for admissibility of expert scientific opinion, but also that the Indiana Supreme Court has not mandated the application of Daubert and has chosen alternative approaches in the past. It applied this alternative standard to determine whether the expert's opinion should have been excluded.

In this case, Akey attached to his summary judgment filings an affidavit by Mirro. In addition, the Hospital, McEowen, and Physicians took Mirro's deposition, and the parties provided excerpts from his deposition to the trial court in their summary judgment filings. In his affidavit submitted in opposition to the motion for summary judgment, Mirro stated that his expert opinions were based on his "education, training, and experience and are expressed within a reasonable degree of medical certainty." The evidence reveals that Mirro, in addition to being a board certified cardiologist who maintains a private practice, is also a clinical professor at the Indiana University School of Medicine. He is also certified as a specialist in geriatric internal medicine. Mirro has conducted clinical research projects on a number of medications and participated in a published paper on the hemorrhagic complications of thrombolytic therapy. In his deposition, Mirro clarified the basis for his expert opinion ... . Mirro also testified that he had reviewed a series of trials between 2001 and 2005 regarding the use of thrombolytic therapy in comparison with heart catheterizations that shaped his opinion on the use of thrombolytic therapy to treat elderly patients. We conclude that this evidence ... adequately describes the reasoning and methodologies upon which Mirro's scientific evidence is based. We further conclude that the evidence provides a reasonable amount of confidence that the principles upon which Mirro's opinion is based are reliable.

Although there was a scientific study contradicting the expert's opinion on causation, this went to the weight of that opinion, not its admissibility. The requirement that a scientific expert's opinion be based on reliable scientific principles independent of the expert's expertise in the field,

that rationale is not cause for us to reject the proposition that a witness's education, experience, knowledge and training is adequate to permit the trier of fact to give such weight and credence to the opinion testimony as it is inclined to do. This is not an opening of the door to "junk science" nor to unreliable and unsupported opinions. It is merely an acceptance that reasonable expert opinions are not to be summarily excluded on grounds that the opinion has not been subjected to general acceptance by others in the field or proved by testing and peer review. Such opinions, so long as not based wholly upon speculation and conjecture, are entitled to be given due consideration.

The Court's discussion of the admissibility of scientific expert opinion under Rule 702(b) is explicitly based on the Indiana Supreme Court's failure to expressly adopt Daubert in Indiana. Moreover, the manner in which it ruled on the admissibility of this expert's opinion will make it easier for parties to introduce the opinions of experts who may not pass muster under Daubert. Therefore, someone opposing the admissibility of an expert's opinion under Rule 702(b) in Indiana state court should focus on the confidence that can be placed in the principles that the expert relies upon, rather than the quality of that expert's reasoning.

Lessons:

Indiana's courts do not follow Daubert when ruling on the admissibility of scientific expert opinion under Evid. R. 702(b).
A scientific expert's opinion will be admitted if the expert adequately describes the reasoning and methodologies upon which the scientific evidence is based and a reasonable amount of confidence can be placed on the reliability of the principles upon which the opinion is based.

Brad A. Catlin
Price Waicukauski & Riley, LLC
Learn more about Brad and contact us
Download a copy of this article here

TAG Daubert, Expert, IN Court of Appeals, Reliability, Scientific Testimony

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